First Crusade
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Q51649
The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, which were initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the Middle Ages. Their aim was to return the Holy Land—which had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate in the 7th century—to Christian rule. By the 11th century, although Jerusalem had then been ruled by Muslims for hundreds of years, the practices of the Seljuk rulers in the region began to threaten local Christian populations, pilgrimages from the West and the Byzantine Empire itself. The earliest impetus for the First Crusade came in 1095 when Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos sent ambassadors to the Council of Piacenza to request military support in the empire's conflict with the Seljuk-led Turks. This was followed later in the year by the Council of Clermont, at which Pope Urban II gave a speech supporting the Byzantine request and urging faithful Christians to undertake an armed pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
1096 — 1099
Wikimedia, Wikidata
Robert Curthose, Duqaq, Tatikios, Hugh I, Count of Vermandois, Robert II, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, Kilij Arslan I, Eustace III, Count of Boulogne, Kerbogha, Al-Afdal Shahanshah, Lower Lotharingia, Danishmendid dynasty, Roman Catholic Diocese of Le Puy-en-Velay, Danishmend Gazi, Counts of Blois, Duchy of Normandy, Fakhr al-Mulk Ridwan, Yaghi-Siyan, Principality of Taranto, County of Toulouse, County of Boulogne, Guglielmo Embriaco, County of Sicily, Manuel Boutoumites, Constantine I, Prince of Armenia, Iftikhar ad-Daula, Abbasids, Seljuk Empire, Adhemar of Le Puy, Baldwin I of Jerusalem, Vermandois, Alexios I Komnenos, County of Flanders, Tancred, Prince of Galilee, Duchy of Brittany, Godfrey of Bouillon, Fatimid Caliphate, Republic of Genoa, Bohemond I of Antioch, Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, Stephen, 
Ancre, Iki, Iki, Kios,
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Location: 34, 36, KML, Cluster Map, Maps,
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1096-01-01T00:00:00Z
1099-01-01T00:00:00Z
1096 — 1099 First Crusade
2013-01-01T00:00:00Z
2100-01-01T00:00:00Z
2013 — 2100 Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian Civil War
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Français 2754, fol. 21r, Croisade des pauvres
Prvnívyprava
Nemocni
Friedrich Hottenroth - Jewish pogroms in Germany during the First Crusade led by Emich of Leiningen, 1096
Oblehani
Godefroi
Alexius krizaci
JerusalemChristus
Massacre of Jews
Baldwin of Boulogne entering Edessa in Feb 1098- The Mural Paintings of Berzé-la-Ville in the Context of the First Crusade and the Reconquista - , Q1860, 2005
- Iuvenes and the First Crusade (1096–99): Knights in Search of Glory? - scholarly article by Conor Kostick published 2009 in The Journal of Military History, Q1860
- Mirrored images: the Passion and the First Crusade in a fourteenth-century Parisian illuminated manuscript (Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS fr. 352) - article by Susanna A. Throop published 25 March 2015 in Journal of Medieval History
- Historia Hierosolymitana - work by Robert the Monk, Medieval Latin
- SCRIBAL CRUSADING THREE NEW MANUSCRIPT WITNESSES TO THE REGIONAL RECEPTION AND TRANSMISSION OF FIRST CRUSADE LETTERS - article, Q1860, 2017
- Constructing the Crusader. Emotional Language in the Narratives of the First Crusade - scientific article published in January 2014
- Syrias - Neo-Latin epic poem, Latin, 1591, online
- Fulmen in Aquilam - Neo-Latin epic poem by Evurtius Jollyvetus, Latin, 1636
- Dei gesta per Francos - narrative of the First Crusade, Medieval Latin
- Armenians and the first crusade - , Q1860, 1991
- The underclass in the first crusade: - scientific article published in June 2002
- The army of Godfrey of Bouillon, 1096-1099 : Structure and dynamics of a contingent on the First Crusade - article, 1992
- The First Crusade and the Latin east as seen from Venice: the account of the Translatio sancti Nicolai - scientific article published on 20 October 2009
- The Square "Fighting March" of the Crusaders at the battle of Ascalon (1099) - article published in 2013, Q1860
- Peregrinatio sive expeditio: Why the First Crusade was not a Pilgrimage - , 2003
- Gesta Dei per Francos - Latin chronicle by Peter Eschenloër, Middle High German, 1456
- Orderic Vitalis and the First Crusade - , 2016
- Gesta Dei per Francos - Latin chronicle by Peter Eschenloër, Middle High German, 1456
- The Siege and Capture of Jerusalem in Western Narrative Sources of the First Crusade - , Q1860, 2014
- The French Royal Court and the Memory of the First Crusade - article, Q1860, 2011
- First Crusade Letters and Medieval Monastic Scribal Cultures - , 2019
- The ‘Feast of the Liberation of Jerusalem’: remembering and reconstructing the First Crusade in the Holy City, 1099–1187 - , 2015
- The army of Godfrey of Bouillon, 1096-1099: Structure and dynamics of a contingent on the First Crusade - , 2017
- Syrias - Neo-Latin epic poem, Latin, 1591, online
- Fulmen in Aquilam - Neo-Latin epic poem by Evurtius Jollyvetus, Latin, 1636
- Fear and its Representation in the First Crusade - , 2012, online
- Conquests, family traditions and the First Crusade - scientific article published on 26 September 2019
- Nicholas Morton: Encountering Islam on the First Crusade - scientific article published in November 2018
- Anna Comnena's account of the First Crusade: History and politics in the reigns of the emperors Alexius I and Manuel I Comnenus - , 1991
- The First and Second Crusades from an Anonymous Syriac Chronicle - , Q1860, 1933
- BM Royal 15 E VI and the Epic Cycle of the First Crusade - , 1971
- The Emotional Rhetoric of Crusader Spirituality in the Narratives of the First Crusade - scientific article published in January 2014, Q1860
- Crusade cycle - epic poems loosely based on the First Crusade
- Gesta Francorum - Latin chronicle of the First Crusade, Medieval Latin, 1100
- Marcus Bull, Knightly Piety and the Lay Response to the First Crusade. The Limousin and Gascony, c. 970-c. 1130 - , Q1860, 1996
| Type | Subtype | Date | Description | Notes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| area | region | 1861 | Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate | Wikidata | |
| area | region | 1926 | Lebanese Republic under French mandate | Wikidata | |
| area | region | 1943 | Lebanon | Mediterranean country, sovereign state, country, tripadvisor | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 310 | Battle of Myus | battle, Ptolemaic dynasty, Antigonid dynasty | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 261 | Odaenathus' Sasanian campaigns | military campaign, Roman Empire, Palmyra, Sasanian Empire | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 685 | Uprising of Mukhtar | rebellion, Alids, Zubayrid Caliphate, Umayyad Caliphate | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 974 | Syrian campaigns of John Tzimiskes | military campaign | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1105 | Battle of Artah | battle, Principality of Antioch, Seljuk dynasty | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1135 | Zengid campaign against Antioch | Zengid dynasty, Principality of Antioch, military campaign | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1139 | Siege of Baalbek | siege, Zengid dynasty, Burid dynasty | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1163 | Battle of al-Buqaia | battle, Byzantine Empire, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Zengid dynasty, County of Tripoli, Principality of Antioch | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1260 | Mongol invasions of the Levant | invasion | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1292 | Kisrawan campaigns | Druze Faith, Alawites, Maronites, Shia Muslim, Buhturids, Ismaili community, Mamluk Sultanate, military campaign | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1400 | Syrian campaign | Mamluk Sultanate, Timurid Empire, military campaign | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1403 | Boucicaut's expedition to the Levant | Kingdom of France, Republic of Genoa, Mamluk Sultanate, Knights Hospitaller, military expedition | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1915 | Sinai and Palestine Campaign | British Empire, Ottoman Empire, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Austria–Hungary, German Empire, Otto Liman von Sanders, Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein, French Third Republic, Kingdom of Italy, theater of war, Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby, John Maxwell, Djemal Pasha, Fevzi Çakmak, Archibald James Murray | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1919 | Mahmud Barzanji revolts | rebellion | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1941 | Battle of the Litani River | battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1975 | Two-year war | armed conflict | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1980 | Battle of Qnat | battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1980 | Battle of Zahleh | battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 1981 | Bombing of Lebanon | airstrike | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 2000 | Hezbollah–Israel conflict | Hezbollah, Israel Defense Forces, armed conflict, border conflict | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 2000 | Israeli–Lebanese conflict | armed conflict, Syrian Social Nationalist Party, international conflict, Israel Defense Forces | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 2013 | Iran–Israel conflict during the Syrian Civil War | Iran, Israel, Hezbollah, armed conflict, international conflict | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 2023 | 2023 Israel–Lebanon shellings | bombardment | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 2024 | Battle of Odaisseh | Israel Defense Forces, battle | Wikidata |
| event | armed conflict | 2024 | 2024 Beqaa Valley airstrikes | Israel, Lebanon, airstrike | Wikidata |
| event | war | 31 | Final War of the Roman Republic | civil war | Wikidata |
| event | war | 39 | Pompeian–Parthian Invasion of 40 BCE | war, Judea, Kingdom of Commagene, military campaign, Ancient Rome, Parthian Empire | Wikidata |
| event | war | 115 | Trajan's Parthian campaign | war, military campaign, Kingdom of Armenia, Ancient Rome, Parthian Empire | Wikidata |
| event | war | 1122 | Venetian Crusade | holy war | Wikidata |
| event | war | 1147 | Second Crusade | Denmark, Abbasid Caliphate, Byzantine Empire, Duchy of Burgundy, Holy Roman Empire, Knights Templar, Kingdom of Portugal, Kingdom of Jerusalem, County of Flanders, Margraviate of Brandenburg, Republic of Genoa, Papal States, Fatimid Caliphate, Kingdom of Leon, Kingdom of England, Zengid dynasty, Knights Hospitaller, Kingdom of Sicily, Principality of Antioch, Duchy of Normandy, Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre, Kingdom of Poland, March of Styria, Duchy of Bar, Order of Saint Lazarus, County of Savoy, Sultanate of Rum, religious war, Republic of Pisa, Duchy of Bohemia, March of Montferrat, Nizari Ismaili state | Wikidata |
| event | war | 1152 | Rögnvald Kali's Crusade | Muslim, religious war, Kingdom of Norway | Wikidata |
| event | war | 1197 | Crusade of 1197 | religious war | Wikidata |
| event | war | 1213 | Fifth Crusade | religious war | Wikidata |
| event | war | 1485 | Ottoman–Mamluk War | war, Ottoman Empire, Mamluk Sultanate | Wikidata |
| event | war | 1516 | Ottoman–Mamluk War of 1516–17 | war, Ottoman Empire, Mamluk Sultanate, Abbasids | Wikidata |
| event | war | 1839 | Egyptian–Ottoman War | July Monarchy, Kingdom of Prussia, Austrian Empire, Russian Empire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Egypt Eyalet, Kingdom of Spain, Ottoman Empire, war | Wikidata |
| event | war | 1920 | Franco-Syrian War | war, French Third Republic, Arab Kingdom of Syria | Wikidata |
| event | war | 1947 | 1948 Palestine war | war, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Kingdom of Egypt, Kingdom of Iraq, Irgun, Haganah, Lehi, Arab Liberation Army, Army of the Holy War, Palmach, Yishuv, First Syrian Republic | Wikidata |
| event | war | 1958 | 1958 Lebanon crisis | political crisis, aspect of history, proxy war | Wikidata |
| event | war | 1975 | Lebanese Civil War | Amal Movement, Lebanese National Movement, Tigers Militia, Lebanese Front, Arab Deterrent Force, Al-Tanzim, Multinational Force in Lebanon, Islamic Unification Movement, Army of Free Lebanon, United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, Hezbollah, civil war | Wikidata |
| event | war | 1996 | Operation Grapes of Wrath | war | Wikidata |
| organisation | military branch | 1949 | Lebanese Air Force | air force | Wikidata |
| commons | image | Français 2754, fol. 21r, Croisade des pauvres | Commons | ||
| commons | image | Prvnívyprava | Commons | ||
| commons | image | Nemocni | Commons | ||
| commons | image | Friedrich Hottenroth - Jewish pogroms in Germany during the First Crusade led by Emich of Leiningen, 1096 | Commons | ||
| commons | image | Oblehani | Commons | ||
| commons | image | Godefroi | Commons | ||
| commons | image | Alexius krizaci | Commons | ||
| commons | image | JerusalemChristus | Commons | ||
| commons | image | Massacre of Jews | Commons | ||
| commons | image | Baldwin of Boulogne entering Edessa in Feb 1098 | Commons | ||
